How Neighborhoods Chosen Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How Neighborhoods Chosen - Assignment Example mbers where they can have face-to-face social interactions and can also share common values, maintain effectual social control and socialize the youth. The following factors are considered when choosing neighborhoods: The social development of various geographical areas influences the interest of individuals to live in those neighborhoods. Social developed areas are places where there are improved schools that enable children to enjoy the luxury of learning subjects of their choices and have enough facilities to ensure students and teachers are comfortable. The places should have access to recreational facilities such as swimming pools, gyms, and sauna to make people physically fit. Wassmer (2000) stated that places that have improved social and cultural services attract people since they have connections and opportunities that encourage the citizens to interact and reach their highest potential. Neighborhoods that have many economic opportunities attract many citizens since they can get good job opportunities with high-income levels and with high income, the citizens are able to live comfortably since they can afford good housing facilities, better schools for their children and owning assets like cars. Neighborhoods that are located near major industries and markets encourage citizens to look for homes around since they are assured of better facilities from the industries and markets and even job opportunities (Ioannides, 2013). In addition, in such neighborhoods people are also able to start their own businesses because of the high population. People choose neighborhoods that enable them to have a stable physical and mental health. Regions that have access to health facilities like hospitals encourage people to live there since they are assured of places to go during emergencies. BlackMcDonald and McMillen (2011) stated that citizens consider the history of people with disabilities, illenesses, and medical care of the individuals living in various places and

Examining The Understanding Social Disorganization Theory Criminology Essay

Examining The Understanding Social Disorganization Theory Criminology Essay Social Disorganization means the disruption or breakdown of the structure of social relations and values resulting in the loss of social controls over individual and group behavior, the development of social isolation and conflict, and a sense of estrangement or alienation from the mainstream of ones culture; the  condition or state of anomie (dictionary). Social Disorganization Theory is a theory that is less than one hundred years old. The founders of this theory are Shaw and McKay. Social disorganization theory was developed in the early 1900s in Chicago, Illinois, based upon the fact that the founders of this theory had been researching juvenile court records for more than one decade (Pratt, Gau, and Franklin 43). The theory suggested that there were high rates of crime in certain neighborhoods; particularly rather poor neighborhoods. Once Shaw and Kay discovered these findings, they figured that crime was no longer based on the individual alone, but more so the structure of th e neighborhood and what the neighborhood consisted of socially; neighbors level of interaction with one another, along with their ability to regulate the youth of their community (Pratt, Gau, and Franklin 44). There are several factors that can help determine social disorganization within a community. A few of these factors include: low socioeconomic status, high rates of residential mobility, increased diversity within the community and single-parent households (Pratt et al. 44, Barton et al. 247, and Kingston et al. 54). However, one of the main factors frequently used to determine social disorganization is residential mobility. Residential mobility is the frequent Childress 2 change of residence, either in the same city or town, or between cities, states or communities (dictionary). Residential mobility has the ability to socially disorganize any community. Neighbors packing up and moving more frequently than not, puts a strain on the ability for people to bond with one another and form a friendship with other residents who also reside in their community. Another factor that is often used to determine social disorganization is the socioeconomic status of a particular neighborhood. Poor neighborhoods with low income usually contain single-parent residencies. Single-parent households with young children living in them, have a hard time controlling the youth of their households, let alone the youth of their communities. Lack of discipline to the youth and improper social skills with their peers causes them to get involved in certain activities that are not only harmful to the community but harmful to themselves as well. According to the authors of the articl e A Test of Social Disorganization Theory in High-Risk Urban Neighborhoods, Structurally disadvantaged neighborhoods that lack the resources to effectively monitor children (such as: summer camps, music lessons, sports training, home computers, and special tutoring) and provide few sanctions for inappropriate behavior are likely to have a higher number of delinquent peer groups available to youthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Poorly monitored youth are more likely to socialize with deviant peers and to engage in misconduct (Kingston et al. 58-59). As stated before, social disorganization occurs mainly in poor neighborhoods with high residential mobility lack of socializing between the neighbors throughout the community. These factors allow the crime in these communities to grow exponentially. Social exclusion and isolation from one another has a negative effect on the community because it creates a gateway for crime to occur. With no one from the community willing to step up and organize groups like The Neighborhood Watch or etc., it creates opportunities for crime to occur at any given time throughout the community. With no control over the youth living in the community, crime tends Childress 3 to rise. With lack of control over the youth, gangs have a high risk of developing. When gangs develop, there are a number of negative things that can occur. Some of the negative activities that can stem from gangs are burglaries, vandalism, drug-dealing, and violence, just to name a few (Mares, 41). The number of gangs began to rapidly increase in America during the 20th century. Without warning, gangs began showing up and developing in suburban, rural and urban communities (Mares, 41). This could have been prevented somehow if there had been more unity within the communities and if neighbors had been more willing to socialize with one another while agreeing to keep an eye out for any suspicious behavior with their community. However, it is safe to say that gang violence and homicides has the ability to destroy neighborhoods and put fear into people while causing isolation throughout the community (Mares, 42). So, if people within a community are afraid of the area that they are living in, it makes it harder for them to call the police and report a crime; and if they do report a crime, the chances of them cooperating with the police and stepping up as a public witness is not high, because they may feel threatened by the local gang members of the community, as well as scared for their lives. When this occurs, crime increases within the community because local gang members feel as if theyre invincible and as if they can get away with any crime they commit, no matter how large or small the crime may be (Mares 43). Social Disorganization started off as a theory fit for urban, rural and suburban neighborhoods. However, throughout the years, social disorganization has progressed from slum neighborhoods to college campuses. With the Virginia Tech and Northern Illinois University shootings, campus crime seems pretty evident in these areas (Barton et al. 245). According to the authors of the article Social disorganization theory and the college campus, four-year college universities reported 44 murders, 2,491 forcible rapes, 1,386 robberies, 2,130 aggravated assaults, 25,978 burglaries, and 3,410 motor vehicle thefts back in 2007 in the United States Childress 4 (Barton et al. 245). Residential mobility is an obvious factor of social disorganization on college campuses because most colleges do not require their student to live on campus. Students living in nearby towns tend to commute back and forth to school everyday. Theres also the case where students get to pick a new room during the room reservation process towards the end of every academic school year. The percentage of students remaining in the same dorm room year after year is not very high. All of these factors regarding residential mobility on college campuses make it very hard for neighboring students in the dormitories to form a lasting bond with one another, since students usually get a new neighbor at the beginning of every academic school year once they move back onto campus. Then you have the college students who decide to pledge for a Greek organization on campus. These organizations take up the majority of a students time. Those students who live on campus but are dedicated to a Greek organization are hardly ever in their dorm rooms, thus, making it that much easier for crimes, such as burglaries, to occur on the college campus, particularly in the dormitories. Despite the positive things that Greek organizations do for the community, crime is very much capable of happening at their events, particularly their parties. Certain crimes such as under-age drinking, illegal drug use and vandalism are, very much so, capable of happening at a Greek organizations college party (Barton et al. 248). However, according to authors of the article Social disorganization theory and the college campus, Stronger community organizations provide more opportunities for positive social interaction, improve formal social control by increasing the chances that neighbors will observe neighborhood activity and intervene when they see potential problems, and thereby decrease the chance of crime occurring (Barton et al. 248). The dynamics of a community determine whether or not there will be social disorganization. Of course openness and communication within the community enhances the Childress 5 chances of gaining more control over the youth residing in nearby homes of their neighbors, including the homes of their own (if they have any). Coming together and unifying to form protection groups such as The Neighborhood Watch, will give people within the community a feeling of safety and protection. So, if someone from The Neighborhood Watch witnesses a crime taking place with their community, they may feel more confident and safe about calling the police to report it, since they will have the support of the The Neighborhood Watch within the community to fall back on. Aside from unity and proper communication amongst the residents of a community, the quality of the schools within the community have a strong ability to decrease social disorganization. Schools within a community that are not overcrowded or lacking basic needs such as teaching supplies and up-to-date text books, makes the students who are attending that particular institution more guaranteed to gain a quality education (Kingston et al. 58). This will give them more of an interest in pursuing a higher education, such as college, which will give them motivation to focus more on school by getting good grades and becoming more involved with extracurricular activities, instead of getting into trouble out in the streets of their community. According to the text book Key Ideas in Criminology and Criminal Justice, the authors conclude at the end of chapter four that levels of social disorganization may affect informal control and criminal opportunity mechanism, which, in turn, directly influence neighborhood crime rates (Pratt et al. 50). Childress 6

Essay --

When seeking yourself within a certain religion or faith people are trying to find the answer or the meaning of life, of their existence, what their purpose is and so on. Religion is the answer to things unexplainable, because how else could this have happened? Well, with every person there is a different mindset, a different way of thinking. Different people are drawn to different belief systems. Whether this is Buddhism, or the Branch of Dividians. Christianity or vampires, everyone is different and what they believe could be as right as the other because really, who knows? This is not a question of who’s right and who’s wrong, but why some belief systems more are accepted than others. When people say they belong to more popular religions like Christianity or Judaism others rarely bat an eye, but once you mention a religion that is known as a cult they think you are in danger or that you yourself are dangerous. Why is it that cults are less accepted by society, but having a religion is fully accepted and in some cases even encouraged? What makes them so different? According to Merriam-Webster’s dictionary a religion is, â€Å"1. The belief in a god or a group of gods, 2. An organized system of beliefs, ceremonies and rules used to worship a god or groups of gods, or 3. An interest, belief or activity that is very important to a person or group.† Whereas the technical term for a cult is, â€Å"a group or sect bound together by veneration of the same thing, person, ideal, etc.† (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/cult). Although there is a difference in the technical definitions of religions and cults, the traits that define them are what makes them so similar. Defining a cult: A cult is typically defined by three common characteri... ...y need â€Å"something† for the sake of which to live gives a pretty good idea for why people join religions or even cults. What kind of people join cults? When people think about why and what types of people join cults, it is a common assumption that someone joining a cult must have physiological issues and that there is something â€Å"wrong† with them mentally. However, research shows that approximately two-thirds of cult members are psychologically healthy people that come from normal families with healthy relationships with one another. As for the remaining third, they are likely to have symptoms of depression. These symptoms are usually related to personal loss (like a death in the family), a failed romantic relationship, or troubles with their career. Only 5 to 6 percent of cult members demonstrate major psychological problems prior to joining a cult. (Rhoads, 2013)

FLOATEA company Essay

1. Executive Summary: FLOATEA company was founded in Manila, Philippines in 2013 by Joseph Ventinilla, Shi Gerard, Grace Cervantes and Eddie Velizano, with the vision to educate the consumers about fine milk teas. FLOATEA is an organization that offers different variants of milk teas that will give you extraordinary experience. Separating it from the other pearl milk tea shops, FLOATEA (Float Ice Cream + Milk Tea) is an extraordinary kind of pearl milk tea because of its unusual delicious taste. A freshly brewed tea with the best ice cream topping mixed with your favorite flavors. It is a combination of creamy ice cream, sweet, and salty that will balance the right sweet spot. We serve milk teas such as winter melon milk tea, caramel milk tea, strawberry milk tea, chocolate milk tea, and vanilla milk tea. These flavors of ours will give each individual a taste that will never be forgotten. We also cater the best ice cream flavors as a topping for the preferred milk tea. We provide HEALTHYLICIOUS and SWEETYLICIOUS ice cream flavors. Our position in the market is based on the way our product is being defined by our consumers considering the important factors such as price, quality, product class, and application. FLOATEA also consider the relationship marketing that aims delight rather than satisfaction. FLOATEA targets kids (middle to college class) who had a great desire of thirst to purchase premium milk teas. It also targeted the ones who are often visiting to the place of Bonifacio High Street like family, couples that go there for dating. 2. Current Marketing Situation: The global tea production growth rate in 2006 was more than 3% to reach an  estimated 3.6 million. The expansion was mainly due to record crops in China, Viet Nam and India. Production in China increased 9.5% over the record in 2005, to 1.05 million. in 2006, through Government policies to increase rural household incomes. Expansion of 28 percent in Viet Nam gave an output of 133,000 as tea bushes reached optimum yields. India had a 3% increase in harvest output of 945,000 for the year. This growth offset other major countries, Kenya and Sri Lanka, where output declined by 6 and 1.6%, respectively. The milk tea craze continues to grow in the Philippines, as a result of the rapid expansion of kiosks selling milk tea. These include brands such as Gong Cha and Cha Time. These outlets have reinvigorated the market and are capturing students and young professionals as their consumer base. Due to the introduction of these chained foodservice outlets, Filipino consumers are being exposed to more tea flavours and variants, further increasing the sophistication of the market. Unilever Philippines Inc had an overall value share of nearly 25% in 2012, and was the leading brand manufacturer in tea through its popular brand Lipton, one of the first tea brands in the country. Unilever Philippines Inc produces a wide variety of teas, covering black, fruit/herbal, green and instant tea. Its affordable prices and strong distribution make it a popular choice among consumers. Milk tea is likely to grow even more over the forecast period. Instant tea, in particular, has minimal penetration in the market. It is priced on a par with instant coffee, giving it the potential to compete with instant coffee brands. With the right marketing and promotions, and improved distribution, it could take some market share from instant coffee. 3. Threats and Opportunities Analysis: New services help FLOATEA to better meet their customer’s needs. These services can FLOATEA’s business and diversify their customer base. New technology helps FLOATEA to better meet their customer’s needs with new and improved products and services. Technology also builds competitive barriers against rivals. New products can help FLOATEA to expand their business and  diversity their customer base. They have a strong competitors and their threats are the Zen Teas, Infinitea, Chat time and other milk tea beverages. Infinitea serves a wide variety of tasty and refreshing authentic pearl milk tea drinks for all you fanatics out there. Guaranteed made from 100% freshly brewed loose-leaf teas of high quality for an overall healthier lifestyle. Chatime is the next trend in beverages. A unique Tea concept that is dedicated to make Tea a healthier, refreshing and fun alternative to Coffee. Unlike the traditional Tea houses in the Far East, Chatime is making great inroad in marketing tea to the mass populace. Chatime opened its first outlet in the year 2005 in Taiwan and also the number of stores which is approaching to 1000 in 80 cities in four continents worldwide. You can now find Chatime in the US, Canada, Australia, Taiwan, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, Singapore, UK and India. 4. Objectives and Issues Marketing Objective †¢To offer consumer best health advantage through FLOATEA. †¢To establish as market leader in herbal tea industry †¢To enable FLOATEA to satisfy, fulfill the consumer’s personality & lifestyle †¢To increase FLOATEA popularity as an icon in Tea product. Issue Analysis Main issues that should be addressed in the Action Plan: †¢Company needs to gain experience in the market place †¢Aggressive promotion efforts to establish brand name and gain market share 5. Marketing Strategy: Separating it from the other pearl milk tea shops, FLOATEA (Float Ice Cream + Milk Tea) is an extraordinary kind of pearl milk tea because of its unusual delicious taste. A freshly brewed tea with the best ice cream topping mixed with your favorite flavors. It is a combination of creamy ice cream, sweet,  and salty that will balance the right sweet spot. Our position in the market is based on the way our product is being defined by our consumers considering the important factors such as price, quality, product class, and application. FLOATEA also consider the relationship marketing that aims delight rather than satisfaction. Floatea target middle class (middle to college class), young professional (new graduates), and professional (working stage). And most especially those people who are near and often there at the place dating and visiting. Floatea also has targeted the people who are Milk Tea lovers who want to experience and try something new about Milk Tea. Also, Floatea has targeted people who love ice cream. Milk Tea and ice cream all in one. Service Strategy Our strategy would be, were going to launch in our branch a mini-museum inside where in people who go there would be entertain and educate about milk teas and ice creams.We think of putting a creativity side where in people can put or post whatever they want to say. They can draw and write on the post it and post it on our walls with different kinds of colours of paper. We’re going to put entertainment side where there is a playstation and xbox Kinect wherein they can play for free when they buy FLOATEA from us. Pricing Strategy Our pricing type is value-based pricing that is based on the customer’s perceived value of our product depending on the quality and service we could offer to them. We believe that our product is competent enough to be one of the best and delicious milk teas that they could ever experience. Promotion Strategy Promotion in Bonifacio High Street (BHS) We will promote our product in Bonifacio High Street by spreading the news in the social networking sites about our product. Also, for the first day, the first 30 customers will have the floatea for free. We will be giving out flyers starting in the malls Market Market and SM Aura, and from Serendra to the other buildings in Bonifacio High Street. Other than that, we will be posting short video of our product together with the other information about  it in the social networking sites.We will also be having our own website for further information. Demographic Floatea target middle class (middle to college class), young professional (new graduates), and professional (working stage) who had great desire of thirst to purchase premium milk teas. And most especially those people who are near and often there at the place dating and visiting. Psychographic On the basis of psychographic, Floatea has targeted the people who are Milk Tea lovers who wants to experience and try something new about Milk Tea. Also, Floatea has targeted people who loves ice cream. Milk Tea and ice cream all in one! Technographic People who uses social-networking sites like Facebook, and Twitter. Market positioning We are positioning the floatea as the most catchy and unusual taste, and would provide the unforgettable experience to each and every customer. As we serve the unique teas that brazenly gets the creamiest ice cream on top of milk tea. But flexible to be adjusted the taste bt adding or to lessen its toppings by customers own choice. Target Segment Customer Needs Benefits Middle class ( middle to college) –consumer market Satisfaction Unique drinking experience Social belonging Price Social standing Premium price Good looking Refreshing Young professional ( new graduates) – Business Market Satisfaction To remove stress in work Unique drinking experience Easy to take out Quality Refreshing Professional ( working stage) – Business Market Satisfaction To remove stress in work To relax Healthy lifestyle Healthier than soft drinks Convenient Nutritional information Quality Healthier alternative to heavy sugar 6. Action Programs: 2013 January First week of January start of a New Year our first branch and product FLOATEA will be open to people on Bonifacio High Street on 7th street near Market Market, SM Aura and other restaurants there. Will be also giving free milk teas with any flavours they want for the first 30 costumers. February Our company would start providing advertisements for our consumers especially our target market to attract them of our product. Will be giving out flyers and promos away from us to advertise and let them know about us. March We launch in our branch a mini-museum inside where in people who go there would be entertain and educate about milk teas and ice creams. April We would be holding a bazaar convention that gives away prizes from raffle draws, special discounts for dealers, and partnerships to companies. An addition in advertisement will also be made where target market. May We will be having our own website for advertisement and will give out flyers and posters directly to our possible buyers and consumers. June We innovate our main branch and put entertainment side where there is a playstation and xbox Kinect wherein they can play for free when they buy FLOATEA from us. July Because many buyers and people go to our place we build a second floor for our customers to have more space to stay and chill in when they buy milk tea from us. August We think of putting a creativity side where in people can put or post whatever they want to say. They can draw and write on the post it and post it on our walls with different kinds of colours of paper. September We put a drive thru for people who are in a hurry and buy FLOATEA without leaving their cars October After innovation, we expand our FLOATEA business and build more branches to different places in Pasig, Mandaluyong, Makati and Manila. In different branches they have their own theme and marketing strategy. Novemeber We plan to have our own brand Ambassador which would be Kuya Kim, Matteo Guidicelli and Sarah Geronimo for their outstanding know about health, lifestyle and popularity. Because of this our product will be more known for people and we will be adverstide in tv and commercials. December – January 2014 We prepare and countdown for our 1 year anniversary in our main branch and will be having a programs such as activities, games, education talk and teaching about milk teas and healthy living while having a free FLOATEA for everyone for the first 100 customers 7. Controls Marketing managers of FLOATEA are encouraged to re-examine their goals and objectives on a bi-weekly basis and assess success and shortcomings. Based on their evaluation results, they are encouraged to make appropriate changes to drive the company forward. Each objective in this plan is smart, and should be evaluated monthly to see if the company and marketing program is on track to achieve it.

Discussing the Front Piece of the Leviathan

Salah Rushdy POLI 357 Discussing the front piece of the leviathan The Latin quote on the book cover translates into â€Å"There is no power on earth to be compared to him†. According to my own interpretation, in this front piece of Thomas Hobbes leviathan, the sea monster is presented as the absolute sovereign. He rules the people that form his being. All the people of that state are looking up to him in the image as to express their submission and acceptance of the social contract to be ruled. In the front piece, the leviathan holds two objects in his hand which are a crosier and a sword. A crosier in Christianity is a symbol of the governing office of the bishop or apostle. Here, one can assume that what Hobbes meant by the leviathan holding a crosier is that the absolute sovereign of the state will be in charge of the spiritual side of the state to prevent any disagreements or religious wars. One has to understand as well that the era by which Thomas Hobbes was living in witnessed a century worth of religious warfare and the book itself was written during the English civil war. So a lot of his philosophy regarding the state of nature and social contract was a solution to the war existed at his era. The sword resembles power by which all has to abide or else will be obligated to face the consequences raised by breaking the social contract which will be perceived as a threat to the stability of the sovereignty as a whole.

Carbon Energy Taxations

Carbon Energy Taxations Introduction For many years, companies, businesses, individual, and other entities have used fossil fuels, which release carbon dioxide during combustion. Carbon dioxide is a gas that emanates from the reaction of oxygen and carbon during combustion of fossil fuels. However, carbon dioxide is not friendly to the environment as it leads to various negative effects such as pollution and global warming.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Carbon Energy Taxations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The environmental effects caused by extensive release of carbon dioxide compelled countries and environmental activists to look for ways of reducing consumption and the use of fossil fuels, as they contain high amounts of carbon. Some of the strategies used include legislations such as the Kyoto protocol, which is an agreement imposed on developed countries to minimize the amounts of carbon fuels used by their industries (Lungerfold, 2010). Another important strategy was the introduction of carbon taxes, a cost effective technique where countries pay a certain amount of tax depending on the level of carbon dioxide that they emit from fossil fuels into the environment. The prime goal of carbon taxing strategy is to reduce the negative environmental impacts of carbon dioxide. Therefore, this proposal explains the economic impact and effectiveness of carbon taxes in environmental protection. Literature Review The effects of carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases such as global warming, destruction of the ozone layer, acid rains, and pollution of air forced states and environmental activists to devise strategies of minimizing the effects of carbon dioxide on the environment. Among the strategies devised is the use of carbon taxes, which is a form of tax charged on the amount of carbon emissions released into the environment (Hsu, 2012). The strategy is a market-based option whose main objective is to help mitigate the negative impacts of carbon dioxide and conserve the environment. States and countries apply carbon taxes on delivery, supply, and manufacture of products. In addition, application of the strategy extends to the use of fuels and the amount of carbon emitted in the process of production.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Tisdell (2005) argues that, â€Å"the imposition of the carbon tax is to reduce the rise in the level of atmospheric carbon dioxide and prevent the onset of the greenhouse effect, which is a public issue of global warming† (p. 194). Therefore, carbon taxing is a cost effective and environmental friendly strategy that helps reduce the effects of carbon dioxide by discouraging businesses, industries, individuals, and other entities from using fuels that contain high carbon content. Carbon taxing is a strategy employed by states and countries to minimize the use of fossil fuels that contain high carbon levels. The application of the strategy entails charging a certain amount of tax on the level of carbon available in the fuel. Consequently, imposing the tax on fuel that has carbon leads to a relative increase in the cost of fuel (Hsu, 2012). Hence, individuals, businesses, and industries look for alternative sources of energy like natural gas, oil, and coal that contain little amount of carbon so that they can minimize the cost of production. This leads to reduced use of fossil fuels, which contains high levels of carbon and a subsequent reduction of environmental effects of carbon dioxide. Miller (2007) argues that human activities have increased emissions of carbon dioxide, which have accumulated in the atmosphere for many years as a greenhouse gas and cause global warming. Thus, it is evident that carbon taxing is one of the strategies that reduce the negative effects of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the environment. Taxing of carbon content in fossil fuels is a very effective strategy if properly implemented by countries. The strategy reduces emission levels of carbon dioxide from human activities such as businesses, homes, and industries. Since the strategy levies a certain amount of tax on the carbon content present in fossil fuels, many businesses, and industries opt for alternative sources of energy so that they can reduce the cost production (Miller, 2007). Hence, an overall reduction in the emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Carbon Energy Taxations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The reduction of carbon dioxide emission leads to low levels of environmental degradation and economic constraints associated with carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. According to Hsu (2012), the negative effects of carbon dioxide emissions display a relationship of cause and effect, not a mere correlation. Thus, for every emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, there is an increase in the level of environmental degeneration, which leads to lower rates of productivity. Therefore, carbon taxing of fossil fuels significantly reduces environmental problems linked to global warming and emissions of greenhouse gases. The carbon tax is a cost effective market-based strategy that does not only discourage the use of fossil fuels with high carbon content, but also brings revenue to countries implementing the strategy. States and governments use carbon tax to address the challenges brought about by the emissions from carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases. All aspects of state or government feel the effects of carbon taxes because an increase in the cost of production leads to increased cost of products. Hence, even the low-income earners in the society feel the effects of the strategy. Lungerfold asserts that, â€Å"keeping in mind the potential amo unt of the carbon tax revenue and distribution could have appreciable impacts† (p. 138). Furthermore, carbon tax has its foundation on the principles of economy. It focuses on the principle of unconstructive externalities, which represent unpaid costs. Thus, imposing the tax on fossil fuels that contain carbon ensures that consumers who use the fuels pay for the effects of carbon dioxide emissions. Discussion and Analysis The proposal will analyze whether taxing carbon content present in fossil fuels is an effective strategy of discouraging their use. In addition, the paper will determine if the strategy is cost effective by assessing whether its implementation increases revenues to countries and states, but does not hurt the economy of the government. The proposal will also check the magnitude of the policy in line with its implementation and if it affects the citizens who reside in the country.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ekins (2009) notes that the cost of fossil fuels will increase due to the carbon tax imposed on the amount of carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere. Furthermore, the paper will analyze how governments use carbon taxes to address the challenges occasioned by carbon dioxide and emission of greenhouse gases. It will also assess whether the implementation of carbon taxing strategy to minimize the negative effects of carbon dioxide leads to increased product prices and cost of living. Moreover, the proposal will check if economists and states use the policy of the carbon tax based on the negative externalities principle. The proposal will analyze if the principle dictate that only the potential users of fossil fuels with high carbon contents pay for the effects occasioned by the carbon dioxide emissions. This implies that the proposal will analyze the economic impact of carbon taxes on governments. In addition, the proposal will identify the negative effects of carbon dioxide and gr eenhouse gases such as destruction of the ozone layer, acid rains, pollution, and global warming. Moreover, the proposal will check the efforts that countries have put in place to address these negative effects. The paper will also study the progress made by governments in implementing carbon taxing in the production, delivery, and supply of products to consumers and business people. According to Tisdell (2005), the main objective of the carbon tax is to minimize the impact of carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases. Furthermore, the proposal will analyze the amount of tax charged on carbon contents present in fossil fuels. In this view, the proposal will examine what the states and governments have achieved in reducing emissions from carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases in terms of environmental conservation and economic development. Moreover, the paper will analyze how states and governments are implementing the policy of carbon taxing. It will also check the effectiveness of the polic y in discouraging potential consumers, businesses, and industries from using fossil fuels that have a high content of carbon. Furthermore, the paper will check the extent to which carbon dioxide emissions from industries and other human activities pollute the environment, lower productivity of environment, and increase the cost of goods and services. The proposal will assess how states and governments use carbon tax strategy in minimizing the use of fossil fuels that contain high levels of carbon. It will also analyze how states apply the policy like charging a certain amount of tax on the level of carbon emitted from fossil fuels. Additionally, the proposal will determine if the policy of carbon taxing has discouraged business people, industries, and individuals from using fuels that have high carbon content. According to Karnosky (2001), carbon dioxide has extensive effects on plants and other forms of ecosystem as it leads to global warming, which results in climate change. Moreo ver, the proposal will determine whether businesses and industries have employed alternative sources of energy like solar, hydro-electricity, and wind, which are friendly to the environment in production. In addition, the paper will analyze the level of success on the state or the government in ensuring that businesses, industries, and individuals minimize the use of fossil fuels that have high levels of carbon. The analysis will establish if the carbon taxes have reduced environmental effects of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. The proposal will analyze the country’s level of involvement in the implementation of carbon taxes. It will also check if the strategy helps reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide in processing plants and businesses. Moreover, the proposal will analyze the progress made by governments in discouraging factories and business firms from using fuels that contain high levels of carbon. The proposal will check if the reductio n of carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emissions has led to increased revenues and environmental conservation as well as productivity in countries. Furthermore, Jiang (2012) highlights that, for systematic and sustainable development, a state should practice conservation strategies that support continuous development of the country for present and future generations. Therefore, the proposal will identify the level of the carbon tax charged for carbon content of fossil fuels and analyze if the tax has any impact on the use of fuels, which contain a high amount of carbon. This paper will also seek to identify if the measures, put in place by states and governments, are functional and instrumental in curbing or reducing carbon dioxide emissions from industries and business establishments. It will also identify if carbon taxing provides the required solutions to economic and environmental challenges that transpire from the emission of carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases. Conclusion Tax imposed on the carbon content of fuels is one of the strategies devised by countries to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. The strategy imposes some amount of tax on the content of carbon present in fossil fuel used by industries and business entities especially in developed countries. The proposal discusses how states and governments can employ the strategy of carbon taxes to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and minimize the negative effects that it causes. Governments usually charge a certain amount of the carbon tax on the content of carbon present in fuels. Therefore, this leads to an increase in the price of fossil fuels, yet many people, businesses, and industries rely on the fuel. The increment discourages business entities, individuals, and industries from using the fuel and encourages them to look for alternative sources of energy so that they can reduce the overall cost of production. Furthermore, when businesspersons, indivi duals, and industries shift from the use of fossil fuel that contains high carbon content, it lowers the emission of carbon dioxide and minimizes the negative effects of carbon dioxide. Overall, carbon taxing aims at protecting the environment from global warming caused by the emission and the accumulation of carbon oxide in the atmosphere. References Ekins, P. (2009). Carbon Energy Taxations: Lessons from Europe. London: Oxford University Press. Hsu, S. (2012). Case for Carbon Tax: Getting Past Hangups to Effective Climate Policy. Washington : Island Press. Jiang, X. (2012). Legal Issues for Implemementing Clean Development. Shangai: Springer, Publishers. Karnosky, D. (2001). The Impact of Carbon Dioxide and Other Green House Gases on Foresty Ecosystem. New York: CABI Publishing. Lungerfold, T. (2010). Cap and Trade: Kyoto Protocol: Greenhouse Gas. New York: The Capitolnet Publishers. Miller, T. (2007). Living in the Enviroment: Principles Connections and Solutions. New York: Canca ge Learning. Tisdell, C. (2005). Economics of Environmental Conservation. London: Edward Elgar Publishing.

THE IMPACT OF HOSTILE TAKEOVER IN JAPAN

THE IMPACT OF HOSTILE TAKEOVER IN JAPAN THE IMPACT OF HOSTILE TAKEOVER IN JAPANIntroductionAccording to corporate finance theorists, the objective of the firm should be to maximize value or wealth. This means for stockholders to maximize stock prices. By focusing on maximizing stockholder wealth, the firm exposes itself to the risk that managers, who are hired to operate the firm for stockholders, may have their own objectives. This can lead to conflicts between both parties. Stockholders have the power to discipline and replace managers who do not attempt to maximize their wealth. For managers there are several techniques to protect themselves for these actions (Osano, 2001).In other words: stock price maximization is the most important goal of most corporations. Stockholders own the firm and elect the board of directors, who then appoint the management team. Management is supposed to operate in the best interests of the stockholders. However, it is known that because the stock of most large firms is widely held, the mana gers of large corporations have a great deal of autonomy.Epic Tap Takeover 2010This means that managers might pursue goals other than stock price maximization. Therefore managers run the risk of being removed from their jobs, either by the firm's board of directors or by outside forces.Hostile takeover is a process that occurs when management does not want the firm to be taken over. These are most likely to occur when a firm's stock is undervalued relative to its potential because of poor management. In a hostile takeover, the managers of the acquired firm are generally fired, and any who are able to stay on, lose the autonomy they had prior to the acquisition.A potential agency conflict arises whenever the manager of a firm owns less than a substantial percentage of the firm's common stock. In most large corporations, agency conflicts are...

3 Reasons Quitting Might Be the Right Thing to Do

3 Reasons Quitting Might Be the Right Thing to Do The world is full of inspirational posters, coffee mugs, and bumper stickers telling us not to be quitters. But that kind of blanket dogma- black-and-white in a world of grey- can be hurtful on occasions when giving up might actually be the best idea. Here are three reasons why we think this advice doesn’t always have to be the final word. 1. It  can lead you to the path you really wantIt’s all well and good to say â€Å"winners never quit and quitters never win,† but what if you’ve devoted yourself to the wrong pursuit and quitting could lead you to a better one- where you could actually win and not just slog away forever because you’ve been told you’d be weak or lazy if you quit?If you’re on the wrong track, and you know it, sometimes quitting is the braver, nobler thing to do. And it just might be the only route to winning in the end. So have the courage to take stock of where you are and what you’re doing.2. Sometimes,   you’re just truly unhappyThere are a ton of cognitive biases that already predispose us against quitting. Like the sunk cost fallacy (â€Å"I’ve already spent so much on this hobby,† or â€Å"I’ve wasted so much of my life playing the tuba, so I can’t switch to building miniature boats†) or our bias towards the status quo (â€Å"I may have it rough now, but the unknown could be even worse†). Not to mention loss aversion and the need to hold on to whatever gains we’ve made at all costs. But none of these are good reasons to stick it out in bad relationships or careers. The last thing we need is some smarmy â€Å"Never give up† slogan making us feel even worse about our prospects.3. You  can set an example  and be an inspirationQuitting is considered weak, and quitters a failure. But we should buck this trend. Wouldn’t it be better to encourage people to be more mindful about what they do? And to check in from t ime to time to see whether they should still be doing it?Next time you notice someone spewing platitudes on Facebook about quitters or inspirational gifs about never giving up, take a moment to disagree. That advice can keep people from being their best selves, and can actually be harmful when wielded willy-nilly.

Evaluation of demand price elasticity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evaluation of demand price elasticity - Essay Example The consideration which we pay for a product at a certain quantity is called the price of the product. When we talk of the product price, we mean market price. That is the price at which the product is sold to all buyers in the market. The quantity of a product that we purchase at a certain price is called the demand of the product.The price of a product and its quantity demanded are closely related in the sense that each of these has a bearing on another. When one of these two changes, the other also tends to change. This tendency is very well described by what is popularly known as Law of Demand. The law of Demand is a general law which need not be applicable in all situations. In certain situations, this law seems to be unrealistic. The Law of Demand states that when the price increases, the quantity demanded decreases and vice versa, other things remaining the same. The phrase 'other things remain the same' is an important one that it portrays the exceptions of Law of Demand. The Law of Demand, therefore, postulates the direction of change in one variable (price or quantity) due to the change in other variable. The law is silent about the magnitude of change; it talks only about the direction of change in one variable due to a change in another variable. It does not talk anything about the degree by which demand changes as a result of a change in price. Here lies the importance of Elasticity of Demand. This concept tells us the extent to which demand increases or decreases owing to a decrease or increase in price. Therefore, Law of Demand is a qualitative measurement whereas Elasticity of Demand is a quantitative measurement. Research Methodology At this juncture, the present research study is an attempt to analyze and evaluate the price elasticity phenomenon with the support of an empirically collected data on a certain product and its substitutes. The research is basically a qualitative one that analyzes the data to arrive at logical conclusions. The research uses observation method for data collection as the recorded data alone are sufficient. The data are collected directly by approaching three shops at different places (City I, City II and City III-for convenience) in the New York City. The demand elasticity is evaluated over a period of twelve months, which is segregated into four periods of three months each. The price variations of selected brands over this period are collected and the quantity sold during the same period is compared with that of the other two locations. Therefore, the study takes into account the price of the selected products and their quantity sold (demand) during a period of 1 year, which later co mpared with that of same brands from two shops each in other two locations. Unit of the study Three similar products with different brands from one shop constitute the units of study. For comparison, two more shops at different places in New York City are located and similar three brands are taken from each of the two shops. Therefore, altogether the product range is nine of three different brands. The three brands from City I form the units of study about which the price elasticity of demand is evaluated in comparison with similar brands from City II and City III. Data Collection The present study relies heavily on secondary data. Primary data are not supposed to be collected as the study depends upon the recorded fact such as price, quality and demand (quantity sold). Data are collected directly by approaching shops from three shops. Observation method is also applied to assess the quality of the products. The printed price less any discount form the price of the products and demand data are collected from the records of the concerned shops. The study is

Anna in the tropics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Anna in the tropics - Essay Example This production response focuses of analyzing the themes, characters, subject evaluation, plot of the play, and recommendation. Story (plot description) Santiago’s cigar factory is among the famous Ybor city factories of the year 1929 and the factory is experiencing modernization with new technology posing an effect of replacing the current Cuban workers (Cruz 2010, p.5). At the beginning of the play, Santiago involves himself in a bet and finally loses his money, while his daughters and wife wait for Juan Julian arrival to read aloud to the employees. He chooses â€Å"Anna Karenina†, Tolstoy’s novel as his first choice for the workers. The women seem to be interested with the novel but Cheche and Santiago’s stepbrother seem less enthused. As the lector reads the novel deeper, those who are listening to the story also remain attentive (Cruz 2010, p.10). However, Cheche is not at all concentrating with the lector’s story, and strives to transform the entire factory. During the new cigar brand inauguration, all workers throw a party to celebrate the implementation of the new cigar that will improve their success although Cheche is highly frustrated (Cruz 2010, p.12). Character Santiago- Santiago is the cigar factory owner. Being overwhelmed with gambling troubles, he struggles a lot to ensure that his wife and two daughters receive maximum protection and provision. He also defends the nature of Cuban worker’s tradition in his cigar factory. His character trait depicts that one should be active enough to ensure good care of his family and defend his or her idea (Bryer & Hartig 2010, p.32). Anna’s husband- Anna’s husband, Karenin is a man of influence, riches, and has a good social character that at first seems to be naive about his wife’s friendship with Vronsky. After realizing the affair between his wife and Vronsky, he finds ways on how to comport himself for he tries as much to avoid scandals at an y cost. The character aspect with Karenin is that it is good to avoid scandals since they can be costly to one’s life (Maufort 2010, P. 134). Cheche- Cheche is the Santiago’s stepbrother who claims for partial ownership of the factory because of his wager winning. Ever since his wife left him for the lector’s, he remains to be dangerous to the rest of workers due to the bitterness. Cheche is highly interested in modernizing the factory operations and shows no interest with the new lector’s stories (Maufort 2010, P. 134). Ideas (the major themes of the play) One of the main themes portrayed in the play is that of violence versus reason. The first scene of the play shows a contrast of two life approaches, one reasoned and the other violent (Maufort 2010, P. 133). The play portrays violent by the cockfighting savage game, which suggests that cunning, skill, and might, will constantly win. Although Cheche depicts to be a cautious person, when it is time for g ambling, he insists the notion that physical control will triumph following reason’s failure to persuade (Maufort 2010, P. 133). For instance, Cheche takes Marela forcibly when she decides to pay no attention to his innuendo and lurid glances. On the other hand, Ofelia and Santiago do not support the idea of automating the factory because this will displace workers (Maufort 2010, P. 136). The two employ sounds reasons to support their decisions although they are

Managing Innovation by Cross-Functional Teams Research Proposal - 1

Managing Innovation by Cross-Functional Teams - Research Proposal Example Corporate strategy in effect maps out the businesses in which an organisation intends to compete in a way that focuses resources to convert distinctive capabilities into competitive advantage. (Andrews, 1997). In this vein, managing a cross-functional team requires considerable skills as effective teamwork is seldom an automatic process. Organizational change or change in general can be defined from a variety of points depending on the perception of the user. An individual or employee in an organization may look at a new post or position as a change while higher management may feel it is unimportant. (Cao et al, 2000, p187). Changes viewed also by management may also not be looked upon as change by outsiders like competitors or suppliers. This has led to the categorizing of change in various ways, some of which include strategic and non-strategic change, incremental and radical change, changes of identity, co-ordination and control, planned and emergent change, change in terms of scale, human-centered change in terms of individual, group and inter-group or organizational level, quantum change and so on. (Cao et al, 2000, p187; Todnem, 2005, p372). Innovation is a management change process. There is a growing number of existing literatures on value drivers, core competences, and success factors in an organisation. E.g. Sim & Ali (1998) compared the attributes and performance of firms from developed countries with those from developing countries within the same industry, Park & Russo (1996) focus on the differential impact of firm’s size to its success and parents shareholders value, Hagan (1998) and Prahalad & Hamel (1990) focus on the core competence of an organisation however, none of these studies has addressed the qualities and salient features with respect to a particular organisation. Under today’s fierce competition it has become increasingly necessary to probe

Mahatma Gandhi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Mahatma Gandhi - Essay Example This has been personally attained by the writer of this paper through his experience as an intern in the Regional Management Division of Deutsche Bank and based on empirical evidence. Personal values of public service, integrity, and creativity promote commercial success by acting as a source of sustainable motivation and establishing the connection between work and self-identity. Public service is not constrained to working in the government, but also applies to the motivation of seeing one’s work as a form of public service for others. Gandhi stresses that customers give businesses the opportunity to serve them; they are the precursors of public service. This writer believes that being able to serve customers starts with seeing them as recipients of his service. They are going to receive this service, only because they wanted to in the first place. Thus, this writer realizes that his existence as an employee relies on the existence of the customer. Collaboration should take place afterwards, where he must ensure the satisfaction of the customer because it can result to repeat business and the affirmation of his identity as an employee. A good example is handling a difficult, but highly profitable client in Deutsche Bank. This client wanted some help in ensuring the posting of funds to several accounts in a timely manner. This required extra work for the employee, but he eagerly went the extra mile. He monitored the client’s accounts faithfully and when the expected transactions took place, he transferred funds appropriately. After that, he called the client for follow up to check if the transactions went along smoothly. This client expressed significant happiness with the customer service he received. He mentioned something that affected the employee: â€Å"It’s nice to be seen and treated as a person. Thank you.† This statement embodies another aspect of customer service as

ASSIGN WRITER #4328 - Philosophy Unit - Business & Professional Ethics Essay

ASSIGN WRITER #4328 - Philosophy Unit - Business & Professional Ethics Journal Entries - Essay Example The primary role of an organisation, however, is to maximise profit, this is often best achieved by globalising, and this too is an ethical consideration for them in terms of self interest one. Thus, business imperatives and environmental concerns are often at odds with each other. Domestic household waste is also an environmental hazard yet householders are not penalised for not recycling or for purchasing products with environmentally damaging packaging, why then must there be an obligation for business owners and not wider society? Yet, the current state of the environment is a global concern with scientists only forecasting so many years before we pass the point of no return. Adopting an environmental ethic is a must for organisations but seeking a less damaging approach to globalisation is an alternative to the forced localisation that Norberg- Hodge (2001) is suggesting, which may also be unethical. Globalising businesses should place an onus on reducing carbon emissions but sh ould they have to cease international trade to do so? Childhood obesity has officially reached epidemic proportions but as Michele Simon points out in Government Abandons Children to Big Food (2006) food and beverage companies still refuse to take any social responsibility and curb advertising deliberately aimed at children. There are numerous ways that companies target children, companies deliberately purchase advertising time slots to air advertisements during children’s programming and specifically market to the child. Persistent children then harangue unsuspecting parents; the ethical consideration here is whether or not companies should be permitted to target children. This type of marketing also encourages social divide when parents can not afford or are themselves ethically opposed to the food or beverage being advertised, children who are

Media Convergence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Media Convergence - Essay Example Or as Jenkins (2006) states, there is a cooperation between all multiple media industries, and media audiences will look for information where they can find it. This essay will look at convergence and what is meant by it, and will look, briefly, at the dangers of convergence, then will examine the Astral-Bell merger and analyze the merger from the voices of the people and the voices of the individuals who are behind the merger. Media Convergence According to Jenkins (2004) there is an inherent danger in media convergence, in that the multinational media conglomerates have the potential, and live up to this potential, to dominate every sector of the entertainment industry. Thus, the power elite had the potential to rule the airwaves, putting out its message to the masses, and the message is the message that benefits the corporations and the powerful (Brenkman, 1979). The media may be associated with large structural forces (Havens, et al., 2009). And the message may become more like p ropaganda, which makes the mass media more of a propaganda machine than a marketplace for free ideas (Murray, 2005). Giroux (2004) states that one of the dangers of media convergence, when certain corporations become too powerful, is that the message that goes out to the people is the message that benefits the corporations that own these multi-media conglomerates, which is the message of the neo-liberal – low taxes, deregulation and private enterprise is good, the opposite is bad, and an unequal distribution of wealth in society is a good thing. This is because the corporations that own these conglomerates are the very corporations that would benefit the most in this kind of society of profit above all else. Media convergence has the power to do the bidding of powerful people (Rossman, 2004), such as when Clear Channel, which is a multimedia conglomerate based in the United States, organized a boycott against the country group The Dixie Chicks, after the lead singer, Natalie Maines, told a crowd that she was embarrassed to be from the same state as George W. Bush, and Clear Channel, wanting to get favorable legislation for its plans to expand, organized the boycott to please the Bush Administration. In short, media convergence has the potential for great harm. Too much power in any one hands would cause the marketplace of ideas to falter, and the message that is disseminated will be the message that is crafted by this particular entity. It is in this context that the merger between Bell and Astral will be examined. The Bell-Astral Merger The View of the People According to Winseck (2012), the Bell-Astral merger refer to the fact that Bell is attempting to buy Astral media, and this would represent a major deal between the largest Telecom-Media-Internet conglomerate in the country, and they would have revenues of over $22 billion. Winseck (2012) states that the merger would mean that the country would have lost an independent station, which is what Astra l is, having revenues of just over $888 million in 2010. Winseck (2012) looks at this in the context of the Ronald Coase, economist, idea that the two ways of dealing with business environment uncertainties are the market and the hierarchies, and that the Bell-Astral merger would be essentially elevating the hierarchies over the markets. If the merger goes through, according to Winsec

ASSIGN WRITER #4328 - Philosophy Unit - Business & Professional Ethics Essay

ASSIGN WRITER #4328 - Philosophy Unit - Business & Professional Ethics Journal Entries - Essay Example The primary role of an organisation, however, is to maximise profit, this is often best achieved by globalising, and this too is an ethical consideration for them in terms of self interest one. Thus, business imperatives and environmental concerns are often at odds with each other. Domestic household waste is also an environmental hazard yet householders are not penalised for not recycling or for purchasing products with environmentally damaging packaging, why then must there be an obligation for business owners and not wider society? Yet, the current state of the environment is a global concern with scientists only forecasting so many years before we pass the point of no return. Adopting an environmental ethic is a must for organisations but seeking a less damaging approach to globalisation is an alternative to the forced localisation that Norberg- Hodge (2001) is suggesting, which may also be unethical. Globalising businesses should place an onus on reducing carbon emissions but sh ould they have to cease international trade to do so? Childhood obesity has officially reached epidemic proportions but as Michele Simon points out in Government Abandons Children to Big Food (2006) food and beverage companies still refuse to take any social responsibility and curb advertising deliberately aimed at children. There are numerous ways that companies target children, companies deliberately purchase advertising time slots to air advertisements during children’s programming and specifically market to the child. Persistent children then harangue unsuspecting parents; the ethical consideration here is whether or not companies should be permitted to target children. This type of marketing also encourages social divide when parents can not afford or are themselves ethically opposed to the food or beverage being advertised, children who are

The Benefits of Installing Management Information System in Small Dissertation

The Benefits of Installing Management Information System in Small Business - Dissertation Example The definition of small business varies from country to country, for example, it is 50 in terms of employees in European Union. Economic criteria are also used for classification, based on capital employed or business turnover. However, for our study an organization consisting of at least 25 people and a maximum of 100 employees may be considered for inclusion in the survey. The developments in information technology, telecommunications, media and social networks necessitates the small business community to reorient their strategies to be competitive in the business, and MIS plays an important role in the backdrop of liberalization and globalization of the economies. This research may contribute significantly in this respect by highlighting the benefits of installing MIS in small businesses. Research Questions 1. What are the benefits of implementation of MIS in small business? 2. Is the cost of installation of MIS justifiable in relation to the benefits? 3. Is it true that the imple mentation of MIS enhances stability in the organization? Research aim The study aims to assess the impacts of implementation of MIS in the small businesses with regard to cost and benefits, both tangible and intangible that may accrue to the small businesses with a view to make recommendations based on the analysis and findings. Research Objectives To study the impact of MIS in relation to the operations and management of the small businesses with a view to analyze: 1. the impacts of the cost of installation of MIS and 2. the factors which govern installation of an appropriate system in relation to the size. Hypothesis The analysis of the survey results would be useful in evaluating the hypothesis: When the world is moving toward liberalization and the countries pursue a policy of globalization, installation of MIS in small businesses is crucial for efficiencies in the operations and for a sustainable development. The financial and non-financial benefits derived from the installatio n of MIS outweigh the cost involved in the installation, and MIS enhances stability of the organization. Literature review According to Garnengo, Nudurupati & Bititici (2007, p. 683) in the small and medium enterprises the deficiencies in MIS obstruct PMS [performance measurement system] use because the required data cannot be captured. It is observed (p. 683)†during the first implementation phase entrepreneurs obstructed MIS investment, and only free software and internal knowledge could be used. However, in a few months PMS advantages were highlighted and, consequently, MIS investment was planned and supported by entrepreneurs†. The expertise in processing of the information and reporting is crucial for the business success. Brouthers, Andriessen & Nicolaes (1998, p. 136) found â€Å"When it comes to making strategic decisions, the small firm managers in this study tended to ignore the information gathered and the analyses performed, relying instead on their intuition †. In order to compete efficiently in the market, strategic decisions based on the information properly analyzed are very essential. According to Street &Meister (2004, p. 473), â€Å"Small business growth is known to strain internal communication processes, for example, which likely limits growth opportunities†. Resistance to change and fear of unknown could be the major

Co Evolution Of Humans And Disease Organisms

Co Evolution Of Humans And Disease Organisms Co-evolution is a situation where two or more species influence each others evolution reciprocally by applying selective pressures on each other. Genetically speaking, co-evolution is the change in genetic composition of one species in response to the genetic change in another. This can lead to evolutionary arms races, a classic example being the interaction between plants and insects. The development of a gene for chemical defences that is harmful to the insect by the plant will put a pressure on the population growth of the insect, and the insect will try to overcome this by evolving something to detoxify them, the plant will in turn evolve a stronger defence and so on, without either side winning (Ridley 2004). There are different types of interactions between organisms (Maynard Smith 1998). Among some are: Competition, where 2 species compete for a limited amount of a common essential resource and one or the other will be eliminated. For example, lions and cheetahs both feed on similar prey, so they are negatively affected by each other because they will have to compete for food. Mutualism, where the presence of one species stimulates the growth of another, and both sides benefit from the relationship, such as animals like cow and bacteria within their intestines. Cows benefit from cellulase produced by bacteria to help digestion while bacteria benefit from having nutrients supply from the cows. Parasitism, host-pathogen co-evolution, interaction between humans and disease organisms is an example of this, where a parasite benefit from its host at the cost of the host. In the mid-nineteenth century, Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace determined the mechanism of evolution as natural selection. Species and population do not remain fixed, but they change over time. Individuals of a same species show differences in phenotype, such as difference in height, colour, or defences against enemies. These can be passed on through generations. In a community, members of the same species will need to struggle for limited resources and avoid predators for survival. Those with an advantage in phenotype will survive better and therefore be able to reproduce more successfully. One way to recognize natural selection in a population is by using the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium to measure the allele frequencies and genotype frequencies, on the assumption that it is an ideal population with large population size and random mating, lack of mutation and migration. There are three main types of selection: Directional selection, where the phenotype at one end of the distribution is selected for and the other end selected against. Stabilizing selection, where the intermediate phenotype is selected for while those at both extremes are selected against. Disruptive selection, where the phenotypes at both extremes are favoured simultaneously. In addition to natural selection, other factors that could alter allele frequencies are like mutation, migration or genetic drift that might eventually lead to speciation, which is the formation of new species (Klug, Spencer et al. 2007). Disease organisms are called pathogens, causing diseases by infecting or infesting another organism. They are often described as parasite, because they benefit from living in or on a host, at the cost of the host and can be anything from microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses to parasitic worms like tapeworms. To discuss the interaction between humans and disease organisms, we first have to look at how humans protect themselves against infection. The first line of defence of humans against pathogens is physical barriers. The intact skin of humans serves as an impenetrable barrier to pathogens and the acidity of sweat also hinders growth of bacteria. However, pathogens can still get inside the human body and this is where the immune system comes into play. There are two mechanisms of the immune system, namely the innate immunity and the adaptive immunity. Innate immunity is the inborn ability to defend ourselves without prior learning experience and this includes phagocytes such as monocytes and neutrophils where they can eat up the pathogens, and inflammatory cells such as eosinophils and basophils that trigger local inflammation at the infection site. On the other hand, adaptive immunity is the immune response that needs to be acquired through experience and it has exquisite specificity and immunological memory. The cells working under adaptive immunity are like cytotoxic cells that kill infected cells and B cells that produce antibody to destroy pathogens. On the timeline of evolution, humans, or Homo sapiens have only been around for less than 2 million years, while worms have been around for about 750 million years. The complexity of the innate immunity in humans today is due to evolution as time passes and more species of pathogens appeared, because only the fittest individuals survived the infection to reproduce and pass on their genes to the next generation. Innate immunity provide immediate defence against infection but it only recognises prominent differences between own cells and the pathogens, therefore responding to pathogens in a generic way. Thus, innate immunity works closely together with adaptive immunity which can give long term specific immune response due to memory cells. For example, immunity for malarial parasite will not give immunity for bacteria that causes tuberculosis (Davey, Halliday et al. 2001). Exposure to a certain pathogen in varying degrees also has affect on the genetic evolution of the immune system. One example is a cluster of genes that plays an important role in the recognition and presentation of non-self antigens to the cells of the immune system called the HLA (human leucocyte antigen), also known as major histocompatability complex (MHC) has been found to have associations with diseases like leprosy and tubercolosis (May and Anderson 1983). In a human population exposed to more of the diseases shows a higher diversity on the HLA genes. Disease organisms have different generation times. For example, the bacterium Escherichia Coli can reproduce in just twenty minutes under ideal circumstances, while the HIV (Human Immunodificiency Virus) can generate 10 billion new virus particles in a day. So in the course of the humans life, these pathogens can go through hundreds and thousands of generation, evolving to become better adapted and acquiring counter-defence to the humans immune system. Some important features of the co-evolution of humans and disease organism arise from this huge difference of reproductive rates. Pathogens usually possess certain adaptations to resist humans from trying to remove them and they are very much dependant on humans as their hosts for essential resources to survive, grow and reproduce. They must be able to find a new host before their current one dies or make their transition by means of vector species. The activity of the pathogens will to some extend reduce the fitness of humans or even kill them. There is a varying degree of harm that a pathogen can cause to humans, and this property is called virulence. For the same species of pathogen, some individuals might be totally unaffected by it while some might get infection that could be mild to serious or even killed by it. Virulence of one pathogen can be measured as the percentage of infections that leads to death. The bacterium Vibrio cholera was one the most virulent human pathogens, with a virulence of 15 percent until the appearance of HIV, which has a virulence of over 90 percent, meaning that 90 percent of infected people die (Davey, Halliday et al. 2001). There are different phases in which a disease organism can adapt to its host. The first phase being accidental infection, that is the first contact of the pathogen with a new species of host. Many human diseases are caused by pathogens that infect animals such as rabies, SARS and bird flu. Host changes are promoted by frequent contact between humans and animals such as keeping a pet. The second phase is the evolution of virulence after the pathogen has successfully invaded a new host. In this phase evolution of virulence happens rapidly because the pathogen is not be well adapted to the new host and will try to overcome the immune response by the host. The third phase occurs the pathogen has been persisting in the new host for some time and tries to reach an optimal virulence. Virulence that is too high either kills the host too quickly resulting in less time to reproduce successfully , reduce the chances of the host interacting with other hosts therefore reducing transmission or ind uces an immune response that react too strongly, while mildly virulent strains will be cleared by the immune system too quickly (Stearns and Koella 2008). An example of co-evolution between the immune system of humans and disease organism is shown in flu virus. When a large proportion of the population has developed immunity to a certain strain of flu virus, the spread of the virus will be prevented until it has evolved by mutation or re-assortment. This is called antigenic drift, where a variety of strains are created until one can infect people who are immune to the pre-existing strains. If a virus is produced that has entirely new antigens, everyone will be susceptible thus causing a major pandemic. Possibly one of the best-known cases for co-evolution of humans and disease organisms is the evolution of humans for the sickle cell trait to protect against severe malaria. Sickle cell disease is caused by a change in shape of haemoglobin, causing red blood cells to be distorted and encounter problems when passing through blood capillaries. Homozygous individuals do not survive for long and rarely reproduce while heterozygous individuals produce sickle shaped red cells and normal ones but barely develop any symptoms of the disease. One would assume that the allele frequency of sickle cell would reduce in a population but this is not the case. It has been found that heterozygotes for sickle cell have an advantage over normal individuals because the sickle shaped red cells reduce the ability of the parasite Plasmodium to grow and multiply. Another example that can be given is the evolution of the bacterium such as Mycobacterium tubercolosis, which causes TB. Strains of the TB bacteriu m have evolved recently that is resistant to all drugs, namely the multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains. Depending on the changes in human population, the bacteria can change its virulence accordingly. Some pathogens are willing to trade-off virulence with transmission, keeping virulence low so that transmission between hosts can happen. However, if the host becomes abundant or the immune system is suppressed as in the case of AIDS, then the pathogen may evolve a higher virulence. Co-evolution simply means the evolution of one species in response to that of another species. However, co-evolution does not indicate dependence on one another. Humans are not dependant on parasites for survival, and the other way around. Co-evolution of humans and disease organisms has produced many fascinating variations, whether in humans or the disease organisms. The studies on this can aide us in gaining understanding of health and diseases as disease organisms remain a major cause of mortality, especially in the under-developed regions of the world.

Movie Essays - Oedipal Hamlet in Film -- Movie Film comparison compare

Oedipal Hamlet on Film      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It has commonly been suggested by such disciples of Sigmund Freud as Ernest Jones that Shakespeare's character of Hamlet is the victim of an Oedipus complex. While any reading of the play Hamlet, Prince of Denmark that focuses on the text and not the psychoanalytical fads of the current age disproves any notion of Hamlet's oedipal nature, many film artists have followed popular psychology and have adopted this theory for the screen. Whether out of precedent, pressure, or some need to discover some complex in Hamlet, this has become a very popular trend for filmmakers. Seeing as how it is impossible to do a production of Hamlet without addressing Hamlet's relationship with Gertrude, Hamlet, Sr., and Claudius, the following will be a discussion of several filmic Hamlets, and the presence, or absence of these Freudian notions. While certainly not the first production of Hamlet for the big screen, Laurence Olivier's 1948 adaptation is the first full length commercial version, and is still highly regarded today. In this film Gertrude looks at Hamlet more like a lover than a mother, gazing at him lustfully whenever he is present. Gertrude's affection is not limited to these gazes, however, as upon Hamlet's agreement to remain at Elsinore she kisses him deep and long on the lips, like a lover. Olivier's Hamlet is initially aggressive toward Gertrude during the closet scene, but after the visit from the ghost he becomes as affectionate as Gertrude is in the beginning. Hamlet speaks to Gertrude tenderly, and she responds accordingly. He then gives her a deep long kiss to seal their pact against Claudius. Taken out of context the scene would appear to be a conversation and love-pact between two ... ...ed complexes and have given us Hamlets free of supposed incestuous wishes and confused notions. This reverence for the script and lack of supposition give the viewer a more accurate view of Hamlet that is more in keeping with the complex mind Shakespeare offered his audience.    Works Cited and Consulted Branagh, Kenneth. "Hamlet" by William Shakespeare: Sreenplay, Introduction, and Film Diary. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1996. Guerin, Wilfred L., Earle Labor, Lee Morgan, Jeanne C. Reeseman, and John R. Willingham. A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. Leong, Virginia. "Hamlet Article from The Australian." 06 December 1997. (07 December 1997) Shakespeare, William. Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. The Riverside Shakespeare. ED. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston: Haughton Mifflin Company, 1974.

Culture of Ancient China :: Ancient World Culture

Imagine: a collection of poems whose date of authorship has not been determined. Imagine: a Chinese thinker about whom little is known and whose authorship of the poems has been challenged. Then read statements like these: "Accept being unimportant" and "Give up learning, and put an end to your troubles." You have entered the mysterious world of The Tao Te Ching. Despite their cloudy and distant origins, the poems make many statements that may sound curiously familiar to contemporary Americans. The Tao describes the allure and artificiality of wealth as it reaffirms the value of a modest, balanced life: "Amass a store of gold and jade, and no one can protect it. / Retire when the work is done. / This is the way of heaven" -- a refreshing antidote to the "keeping-up-with-Joneses" syndrome. The Tao relocates humans in an ecological context where the company of humans is but part of a natural world order: "Love the world as your own self; then you can truly care for all things." How appropriate this injunction is today, when many people worry that they must care for the physical environment that must, in turn, care for them. At the same time, the Tao questions the value of abstract thinking in favor of selfless action: "Give up sainthood, renounce wisdom. / It is more important / To realize one's true nature." And, the Tao recognizes the limitat ions of coercive power and encourages "leading, not dominating," certainly a desirable profile for leaders of the future, where consensus-building might take place of patriarchal authority. For all its difficulties (of translation, of transliteration), the Tao offers a restorative vision of a balanced human life lived in the context of a natural world community.

Therapeutic Techniques

THEORY AND PRACTICE OF COUNSELING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY Gerald Corey Section 5 APPLICATION: THERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES The redecision therapy model of the Gouldings (1979) is grounded within the framework of TA theory, yet their methods are a combination of TA, Gestalt therapy, interactive group therapy, cognitive behavior therapy, family therapy, and psychodrama. Realizing the importance of combining the affective and the cognitive dimensions, the Gouldings draw heavily from TA heory for cognitive structure, and they use Gestalt techniques to provide the emotional work that breaks through the impasses clients often experience. Following is a brief description of some of the more commonly used processes, procedures, and techniques in TA practice. Most of them can be applied to both individual and group counseling. Therapeutic Procedures Structural analysis Structural analysis is a tool by which a person becomes aware of the content and functioning of his or her Parent, Adult, and Child.TA clients learn how to identify their own ego states. Structural analysis helps them resolve patterns that they feel stuck with. It allows them to find out which ego state their behavior is based on. With that knowledge they can determine their options. Transactional Analysis Two problems related to the structure of personality can be considered by structural analysis: contamination and exclusion. Contamination exists when the contents of one ego state are mixed with those of another. For example, the Parent, the Child, or both may intrude within the oundaries of the Adult ego state and interfere with the clear thinking and functioning of the Adult. (Figure 1). Contamination from the Parent is typically manifested through prejudiced ideas and attitudes; contamination from the Child involves distorted perceptions of reality. When contamination of the Adult by the Parent, the Child, or both exists, â€Å"boundary work† is called for so that the demarcation of each eg o state can be clearly drawn. When the ego-state boundaries are realigned, he person understands his or her Child and Parent rather than being contaminated by them. Here are some statements reflecting contamination from the Parent: â€Å"Don’t mix with people who are not of our kind†; â€Å"Never trust Italians†; â€Å"Watch out for mechanics; they’ll cheat you every time†; â€Å"You can’t depend on teenagers. † The following statements reflect contamination from the Child: â€Å"Everyone’s always picking on me. Nobody treats me right†; â€Å"Anything I want I should get right now†; â€Å"Who could possibly ever want to be my friend? †

Lucy v. Zehmer Case Brief Essay

I. Statement of the Facts Zehmer owned a Farm that Lucy had made several offers to purchase, all of which Zehmer rejected. Lucy met Zehmer in the latter’s restaurant one evening. After drinking, they had a substantial discussion about the sale of the farm. Lucy made an offer of $50,000. Zehmer drafted up Lucy a contract specifying the land, the amount, title satisfactory to buyer. Lucy took the written agreement and offered $50,000 to Zehmer who refused to abide to the written agreement. Lucy filed a lawsuit against Zehmer to compel him to transfer the title of the farm to him for $50,000. Zehmer supported that the writing was prepared as a bluff, the whole matter was a joke, no binding contract was made, and at the time he made the offer he was â€Å"was as high as Georgia pine†. The trial court ruled in favor of Zehmer. Lucy appealed to the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia. II. Issue Does the offer made by Zehmer – supposedly as a joke – constitute a valid contract? III. Rule of Law â€Å"The first requirement for effective offer is a serious intent. Not determined by subjective intentions, beliefs and assumptions of the offeror. Rather it is determined by what a reasonable person in the offeree’s position would conclude that the offreror’s words and actions meant.† Offers made in jest, obvious anger, or undue excitement do not count and the acceptance of them does not create an agreement. IV. Analysis In his defense, Zehmer claimed that the offer to sell his farm to Lucy was made as a joke and at the time he made it they were both drinking and he was not in a state of sobriety. The court judged Zehmer’s argument about his mental state inconsistent due to the fact he was able to provide great detail what was said and done that night in his testimony. The court found that the contract was discussed for forty minutes, rewritten to include Mrs. Zehnmer, and she did sign it. The discussion of what to be included in the sale and the provisions of it made a serious transaction. The delivery of the written contract shows a good faith offer and a good faith acceptance.

Unnatural Killers Summary

The story is about a young couple that attempts murder twice, committing it once. The story is told by a lawyer that works in a small town in Mississippi. He meets a devout Christian and solid citizen, Mr. Savage. On March 7th, 1995, Sarah and Ben, a young couple on a road trip, entered Mr. Savage’s office and shot and killed Mr. Savage. They took his credit cards and cash. There were no witnesses. The couple made their way down to New Orleans for Mardi Gras. Running low on cash, Sarah entered a convenience store and shot the 35 year old mother that was working that night. She then took the money from the register. The clerk survived but was completely paralyzed. An anonymous informant identified Sarah from the video from the convenience store. Sarah and Ben were sent to trial. Sarah blamed Ben. She said that the movie Natural Born Killers brainwashed them and lead them to work out their â€Å"demons†. She said she didn’t see a 35 year old mother. She said she saw a demon so she shot her. Sarah is likely seeing a life sentence and Ben may see a death sentence. The lawyer from the Mississippi town believes that the maker of the movie is to blame for these crimes. There have been other murders that were linked to people watching the movie. The voice of Grisham is shown towards the end of the story where he calls for the writer of the movie to be tried in court.

Two topices you can choice (The finance of public transportation or Essay

Two topices you can choice (The finance of public transportation or The implementation of recycling programs) about ubran studies - Essay Example What the core problem is that a society in which a recycling program is considered ineffective; actually lacks experience, for these programs provide better and better results with proper development with time. What happens with a common household ‘dustbin’ or a ‘garbage-can’, as most people would refer it to, is that after being filled to its brim it starts to spill the waste out, evidently due to the limited space it has for the purpose of storing garbage. But space doesn’t matter nowadays, does it? One can clearly incinerate the garbage and use the dustbin for collecting more garbage and then incinerate that too, but would the ‘effects’ of that burning garbage be healthy for the environment? Of course most people don’t tend to care about it and consider using their resources to better purposes than caring about the environment, but would the ‘cost’ of constantly burning that garbage, the ‘energy’ used in clearing the bin and the transportation of that garbage be so minor to be easily sacrificed? Our planet is the metaphorical ‘dust bin’ and clearly we (humans) have polluted it for long, but it is only now that emphasis is being laid on the preservation of our resources and our environment; reflecting that our environmental condition has reached a critical point. The latest effort to preserve what’s left of our once rich environment and to clean what we have messed up, includes recycling; the reprocessing of materials to save fresh raw materials, energy and save the environment from numerous pollutants. Recycling programs are methods or ways we adopt which consequently help us recycle. To address the issue of their implementation in urban areas we must first consider the importance and the need of recycling programs in urban areas. Developed cities tend to be more artificial with respect to the natural environment and the more different they are the more harm they cause. Take a big metropolitan

Personal Statement for Graduate School Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

For Graduate School - Personal Statement Example The opportunity to assist in the birth process has always been appealing to me. Recently, I have had opportunity to attend the deliveries of three close friends. This experience has reinforced my desire to become a midwife. Perhaps the most personal reason I want to study midwifery stems from the fact that I am currently pregnant and am seeking a midwife. I want to provide competent services to other women as they prepare to deliver their babies. I am hoping to find this for myself. Most of all, I want to continue to have positive clinical experiences as a nurse. My most satisfying clinical experience was caring for a patient that had been in a motorcycle accident. He came in with a serous pelvic fracture that was causing profuse rectal bleeding. I was able to assist this patient throughout the CT scan and several procedures required to keep his blood pressure up. When we took him to interventional radiology as requested, the doors were locked and no one was there to help. At that point, the patient’s life was in my hands. I made the decision to take him directly to his room in the Critical Care center. By the time we were able to get him there, he was just clinging to life. We worked to get him stabilized and he was admitted for the night. This was a satisfying experience because it shoed me that I could make difficult decisions in high-pressure situations. I was commended for making the decision to take him directly to his room instead of waiting at the interventional radiology department. I was actually there for that patient so he could tell me to speak with his wife when she arrived. He said, â€Å"Tell my wife I love her.† I felt great about my performance that day, but was extremely upset to discover the next day that he did not live through the night. Seeing people come into the hospital walking and talking but then never leaving is

Survey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Survey - Essay Example A recommendation is therefore given that strategies should immediately employed to price match products in the online market. The internet market has grown considerably in the past couple of years. Statistics show that the number of online shoppers reached an all time high of about 178.5 million people in 2011. Recently, there have been proposals to the company to reconsider its online trading policies to boost its sales volume. Presently, the company does prices match its products online and neither does it offer their competitor’s online prices. Therefore, a research was carried out to determine whether the proposed strategy of price matching online products would be profitable to the company. The method of research used was questionnaire that was conducted online for a period of about a quarter of the fiscal year. Online shoppers from the United States (14 years and older) that visited the company’s websites were randomly selected to participate in the questionnaire. First, a pilot study was conducted on the online shoppers. This involved open-ended questions that placed no limit on the customer’s response. Questions in this study were general in nature like, what is their overall attitude to Wal-Mart customer relations policy. Later, a close-ended questionnaire was used to provide a better reflection of the public view. A maximum choice of five answers to each question was given. The questions were generally categorized into 4 sections each covering a unique field. The survey was voluntary and anonymous and no personal data was collected. There was an approximate response rate of 88% to the questionnaire from both prospective buyers and those who actually made online purchases. A complete breakdown of the responses is shows that the majority of respondents were in favor of the company providing price matching information. About 80% of the respondents indicated that they would buy more products if

Conflict analysis of Israel Palestine Research Paper

Conflict analysis of Israel Palestine - Research Paper Example On the other hand, the Hebrews referred to Palestinian territory as the land of Israel. Thus, it made the decision of the Zionist be problematic in nature. In late 1930, the UN Partition plan and Peel Partition Plan redefined the territorial location of the Jews and proposed the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine. The Zionist took over the best Coastal and Valley areas alienating the indigenous Arab people. In this case, Jesrusalem, Judea and Samaria were bound together to become the West Bank. The Arab people rejected the UN Partition plan in 1947 and considered Zionist as a threat to their people. This is because the plan gave authority to Palestine to take over 75 percent of the Arab state making the Arabs to become refugees in the neighboring state Israel. This created a refugee problem in Israel over three decades, but a new political equation was formed in the 1967 and the late 1980’s war (Hunnicutt 2011). Palestinians had refused to respond to any official or diplomatic relation with Israel. This led to more Jewish settlements in Israel leading to the conflict between Palestinians and Israelites. This paper analyzes the main conflict between the two nations; Palestine and Israel. During late 1940’s and 1960’s, conflicts made Palestinians to run away voluntarily while others were forced to evacuate. They were moved to bordering countries and thus turned out to be refugees. An estimated 4 million Palestinians are refugees, and most of these refuges live in camps in the Gaza Strip, Syria, West Bank and Lebanon. The refugees get assistance from the United Nations and other bodies and individual willing for help (Faruqi 2011). Even though the Palestinians did not have an army in Palestine at this time, rockets were fired on a frequently from Gaza heading to Israel. In return, the Israelis who lived in the

Proof reading in UK style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

Proof reading in UK style - Essay Example At my organisation, we normally have a large meeting once a month (everyone) and a small meeting once a week (in each department). Normally, the company ´s boss or the company’s manager is the person who speaks the most in the large meetings. They want to review what is going on in the company: if there are any problems, seek solutions to the problems, make sure every department head is in the right direction, including the budget. These meetings are quite formal. Every staff member has to wear the company’s uniform and cannot be late. There is an agenda to follow, and the information has to be written to announce in the small meetings and an email has to be sent to every staff member. In the small meetings, the manager informs the staff members the topics covered, regarding their duties and makes sure that every staff member understands their duties and is on the right track. This meeting is not a formal meeting. Figure 1 shows a diagram of the number of layers in the organisational culture. An organisation’s written statement may try to express its beliefs and values that the personnel within the organisation may not actually follow. There are items that are not related to behaviour that can clearly be seen and are symbolic, such as: a dress code, rituals, policies, and procedures [KTP Handbook]. The executives are required by law to fulfil certain duties and act in an ethical manner. Legislation is enacted by a legislative body. In the United Kingdom (UK) legislation is passed by Parliament and in some occasions by the Scottish Parliament, the Welsh Assembly, and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Relevant European Union legislation is also enacted through the UK legislation [KTP Handbook]. Regulations are drawn up to support legislation and in certain industries specific bodies, such as, the Financial Services Authority (FSA) is given powers to regulate that sector [KTP Handbook]. Executives also have to